Mazmur 78:9-16

78:9 The Ephraimites ¹  were armed with bows, ² 

but they retreated in the day of battle. ³ 

78:10 They did not keep their covenant with God, ⁴ 

and they refused to obey ⁵  his law.

78:11 They forgot what he had done, ⁶ 

the amazing things he had shown them.

78:12 He did amazing things in the sight of their ancestors,

in the land of Egypt, in the region of Zoan. ⁷ 

78:13 He divided the sea and led them across it;

he made the water stand in a heap.

78:14 He led them with a cloud by day,

and with the light of a fire all night long.

78:15 He broke open rocks in the wilderness,

and gave them enough water to fill the depths of the sea. ⁸ 

78:16 He caused streams to flow from the rock,

and made the water flow like rivers.

[78:9]  ¹ tn Heb “the sons of Ephraim.” Ephraim probably stands here by synecdoche (part for whole) for the northern kingdom of Israel.

[78:9]  ² tn Heb “ones armed, shooters of bow.” It is possible that the term נוֹשְׁקֵי (noshÿqey, “ones armed [with]”) is an interpretive gloss for the rare רוֹמֵי (romey, “shooters of”; on the latter see BDB 941 s.v. I רָמָה). The phrase נוֹשְׁקֵי קֶשֶׁת (noshÿqey qeshet, “ones armed with a bow”) appears in 1 Chr 12:2; 2 Chr 17:17.

[78:9]  ³ sn They retreated. This could refer to the northern tribes’ failure to conquer completely their allotted territory (see Judg 1), or it could refer generally to the typical consequence (military defeat) of their sin (see vv. 10-11).

[78:10]  ⁴ tn Heb “the covenant of God.”

[78:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “walk in.”

[78:11]  ⁶ tn Heb “his deeds.”

[78:12]  ⁷ sn The region of Zoan was located in the Egyptian delta, where the enslaved Israelites lived (see Num 13:22; Isa 19:11, 13; 30:4; Ezek 30:14).

[78:15]  ⁸ tn Heb “and caused them to drink, like the depths, abundantly.”